feat: Enhance Gemini and chat proxy routes with improved error handling and fallback mechanisms

src/server/routes/proxy/chat.stream.test.ts

@@ -1909,6 +1909,173 @@ describe('chat proxy stream behavior', () => {
     expect(body?.choices?.[0]?.message?.content).toContain('ok via responses fallback after 502');
   });
 
+  it('continues to /v1/responses when /v1/messages dispatch is denied for /v1/chat/completions', async () => {
+    selectChannelMock.mockReturnValue({
+      channel: { id: 11, routeId: 22 },
+      site: { name: 'generic-site', url: 'https://generic.example.com', platform: 'new-api' },
+      account: { id: 33, username: 'demo-user' },
+      tokenName: 'default',
+      tokenValue: 'sk-generic',
+      actualModel: 'gpt-5.2-codex',
+    });
+
+    fetchMock
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(new Response(JSON.stringify({
+        error: { message: 'Unsupported endpoint /v1/chat/completions', type: 'unsupported_endpoint' },
+      }), {
+        status: 400,
+        headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' },
+      }))
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(new Response(JSON.stringify({
+        error: { message: 'This group does not allow /v1/messages dispatch', type: 'forbidden' },
+      }), {
+        status: 403,
+        headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' },
+      }))
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(new Response(JSON.stringify({
+        id: 'resp_dispatch_denied_fallback',
+        object: 'response',
+        model: 'gpt-5.2-codex',
+        status: 'completed',
+        output_text: 'ok via responses after messages dispatch denied',
+        usage: { input_tokens: 5, output_tokens: 2, total_tokens: 7 },
+      }), {
+        status: 200,
+        headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' },
+      }));
+
+    const response = await app.inject({
+      method: 'POST',
+      url: '/v1/chat/completions',
+      payload: {
+        model: 'gpt-5.2-codex',
+        stream: false,
+        messages: [{ role: 'user', content: 'hello' }],
+      },
+    });
+
+    expect(response.statusCode).toBe(200);
+    expect(fetchMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3);
+    const [firstUrl] = fetchMock.mock.calls[0] as [string, any];
+    const [secondUrl] = fetchMock.mock.calls[1] as [string, any];
+    const [thirdUrl] = fetchMock.mock.calls[2] as [string, any];
+    expect(firstUrl).toContain('/v1/chat/completions');
+    expect(secondUrl).toContain('/v1/messages');
+    expect(thirdUrl).toContain('/v1/responses');
+    expect(response.json()?.choices?.[0]?.message?.content).toContain('ok via responses');
+  });
+
+  it('prefers /v1/responses immediately after explicit legacy protocol rejection on /v1/chat/completions', async () => {
+    selectChannelMock.mockReturnValue({
+      channel: { id: 11, routeId: 22 },
+      site: { name: 'generic-site', url: 'https://generic.example.com', platform: 'sub2api' },
+      account: { id: 33, username: 'demo-user' },
+      tokenName: 'default',
+      tokenValue: 'sk-generic',
+      actualModel: 'gpt-5.2-codex',
+    });
+
+    fetchMock
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(new Response(JSON.stringify({
+        error: {
+          message: 'Unsupported legacy protocol: /v1/chat/completions is not supported. Please use /v1/responses.',
+          type: 'upstream_error',
+        },
+      }), {
+        status: 400,
+        headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' },
+      }))
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(new Response(JSON.stringify({
+        id: 'resp_legacy_protocol_preferred',
+        object: 'response',
+        model: 'gpt-5.2-codex',
+        status: 'completed',
+        output_text: 'ok via direct responses preference',
+        usage: { input_tokens: 5, output_tokens: 2, total_tokens: 7 },
+      }), {
+        status: 200,
+        headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' },
+      }));
+
+    const response = await app.inject({
+      method: 'POST',
+      url: '/v1/chat/completions',
+      payload: {
+        model: 'gpt-5.2-codex',
+        stream: false,
+        messages: [{ role: 'user', content: 'hello' }],
+      },
+    });
+
+    expect(response.statusCode).toBe(200);
+    expect(fetchMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+    const [firstUrl] = fetchMock.mock.calls[0] as [string, any];
+    const [secondUrl] = fetchMock.mock.calls[1] as [string, any];
+    expect(firstUrl).toContain('/v1/chat/completions');
+    expect(secondUrl).toContain('/v1/responses');
+    expect(secondUrl).not.toContain('/v1/messages');
+    expect(response.json()?.choices?.[0]?.message?.content).toContain('ok via direct responses preference');
+  });
+
+  it('keeps messages-first semantics for claude-family models on generic upstreams', async () => {
+    selectChannelMock.mockReturnValue({
+      channel: { id: 11, routeId: 22 },
+      site: { name: 'generic-site', url: 'https://generic.example.com', platform: 'new-api' },
+      account: { id: 33, username: 'demo-user' },
+      tokenName: 'default',
+      tokenValue: 'sk-generic',
+      actualModel: 'claude-haiku-4-5-20251001',
+    });
+
+    fetchMock
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(new Response(JSON.stringify({
+        error: { message: 'This group does not allow /v1/messages dispatch', type: 'forbidden' },
+      }), {
+        status: 403,
+        headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' },
+      }))
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(new Response(JSON.stringify({
+        error: {
+          message: 'Unsupported legacy protocol: /v1/chat/completions is not supported. Please use /v1/responses.',
+          type: 'upstream_error',
+        },
+      }), {
+        status: 400,
+        headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' },
+      }))
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(new Response(JSON.stringify({
+        id: 'resp_claude_generic_messages_first',
+        object: 'response',
+        model: 'claude-haiku-4-5-20251001',
+        status: 'completed',
+        output_text: 'ok via responses after preserving messages-first order',
+        usage: { input_tokens: 5, output_tokens: 2, total_tokens: 7 },
+      }), {
+        status: 200,
+        headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' },
+      }));
+
+    const response = await app.inject({
+      method: 'POST',
+      url: '/v1/chat/completions',
+      payload: {
+        model: 'claude-haiku-4-5-20251001',
+        stream: false,
+        messages: [{ role: 'user', content: 'hello' }],
+      },
+    });
+
+    expect(response.statusCode).toBe(200);
+    expect(fetchMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3);
+    const [firstUrl] = fetchMock.mock.calls[0] as [string, any];
+    const [secondUrl] = fetchMock.mock.calls[1] as [string, any];
+    const [thirdUrl] = fetchMock.mock.calls[2] as [string, any];
+    expect(firstUrl).toContain('/v1/messages');
+    expect(secondUrl).toContain('/v1/chat/completions');
+    expect(thirdUrl).toContain('/v1/responses');
+    expect(response.json()?.choices?.[0]?.message?.content).toContain('ok via responses');
+  });
+
   it('forces openai platform to use /v1/chat/completions for claude downstream requests', async () => {
     selectChannelMock.mockReturnValue({
       channel: { id: 11, routeId: 22 },

src/server/routes/proxy/chat.ts

@@ -13,9 +13,11 @@ import { type DownstreamFormat } from '../../transformers/shared/normalized.js';
 import {
   buildMinimalJsonHeadersForCompatibility,
   buildUpstreamEndpointRequest,
+  isEndpointDispatchDeniedError,
   isEndpointDowngradeError,
   isUnsupportedMediaTypeError,
   resolveUpstreamEndpointCandidates,
+  shouldPreferResponsesAfterLegacyChatError,
 } from './upstreamEndpoint.js';
 import {
   ensureModelAllowedForDownstreamKey,
@@ -110,7 +112,8 @@ async function handleChatProxyRequest(
     excludeChannelIds.push(selected.channel.id);
 
     const modelName = selected.actualModel || requestedModel;
-    const endpointCandidates = await resolveUpstreamEndpointCandidates(
+    const endpointCandidates = [
+      ...await resolveUpstreamEndpointCandidates(
       {
         site: selected.site,
         account: selected.account,
@@ -118,9 +121,31 @@ async function handleChatProxyRequest(
       modelName,
       downstreamFormat,
       requestedModel,
-    );
+      ),
+    ];
     let startTime = Date.now();
 
+    const promoteResponsesCandidate = (currentEndpoint: string | null | undefined, upstreamErrorText?: string | null, status = 0) => {
+      if (!shouldPreferResponsesAfterLegacyChatError({
+        status,
+        upstreamErrorText,
+        downstreamFormat,
+        sitePlatform: selected.site.platform,
+        modelName,
+        requestedModelHint: requestedModel,
+        currentEndpoint: currentEndpoint as any,
+      })) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      const currentIndex = endpointCandidates.findIndex((endpoint) => endpoint === currentEndpoint);
+      const responsesIndex = endpointCandidates.indexOf('responses');
+      if (currentIndex < 0 || responsesIndex < 0 || responsesIndex <= currentIndex + 1) return;
+
+      endpointCandidates.splice(responsesIndex, 1);
+      endpointCandidates.splice(currentIndex + 1, 0, 'responses');
+    };
+
     try {
       const endpointResult = await executeEndpointFlow({
         siteUrl: selected.site.url,
@@ -227,9 +252,15 @@ async function handleChatProxyRequest(
           return null;
         },
         shouldDowngrade: (ctx) => (
+          (() => {
+            promoteResponsesCandidate(ctx.request.endpoint, ctx.rawErrText, ctx.response.status);
+            return (
               ctx.response.status >= 500
               || isEndpointDowngradeError(ctx.response.status, ctx.rawErrText)
               || isMessagesRequiredError(ctx.rawErrText)
+              || isEndpointDispatchDeniedError(ctx.response.status, ctx.rawErrText)
+            );
+          })()
         ),
         onDowngrade: (ctx) => {
           logProxy(

src/server/routes/proxy/gemini.test.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { afterAll, beforeAll, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vites
 const fetchMock = vi.fn();
 const selectChannelMock = vi.fn();
 const selectNextChannelMock = vi.fn();
+const recordFailureMock = vi.fn();
 const invalidateTokenRouterCacheMock = vi.fn();
 const authorizeDownstreamTokenMock = vi.fn();
 const consumeManagedKeyRequestMock = vi.fn();
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@ vi.mock('../../services/tokenRouter.js', () => ({
   tokenRouter: {
     selectChannel: (...args: unknown[]) => selectChannelMock(...args),
     selectNextChannel: (...args: unknown[]) => selectNextChannelMock(...args),
+    recordFailure: (...args: unknown[]) => recordFailureMock(...args),
     explainSelection: vi.fn(async () => ({ selectedChannelId: 11 })),
   },
   invalidateTokenRouterCache: (...args: unknown[]) => invalidateTokenRouterCacheMock(...args),
@@ -39,6 +41,7 @@ describe('gemini native proxy routes', () => {
     fetchMock.mockReset();
     selectChannelMock.mockReset();
     selectNextChannelMock.mockReset();
+    recordFailureMock.mockReset();
     authorizeDownstreamTokenMock.mockReset();
     consumeManagedKeyRequestMock.mockReset();
 
@@ -58,6 +61,7 @@ describe('gemini native proxy routes', () => {
       actualModel: 'gemini-2.5-flash',
     });
     selectNextChannelMock.mockReturnValue(null);
+    recordFailureMock.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
   });
 
   afterAll(async () => {
@@ -93,6 +97,49 @@ describe('gemini native proxy routes', () => {
     });
   });
 
+  it('falls back to the next channel for listModels when first Gemini channel fails', async () => {
+    selectNextChannelMock.mockReturnValue({
+      channel: { id: 12, routeId: 22 },
+      site: { id: 45, name: 'gemini-site-2', url: 'https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com', platform: 'gemini' },
+      account: { id: 34, username: 'demo-user-2' },
+      tokenName: 'fallback',
+      tokenValue: 'gemini-key-2',
+      actualModel: 'gemini-2.5-flash',
+    });
+
+    fetchMock
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(new Response(JSON.stringify({
+        error: { message: 'first channel failed' },
+      }), {
+        status: 500,
+        headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' },
+      }))
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(new Response(JSON.stringify({
+        models: [
+          { name: 'models/gemini-2.5-flash', displayName: 'Gemini 2.5 Flash' },
+        ],
+      }), {
+        status: 200,
+        headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' },
+      }));
+
+    const response = await app.inject({
+      method: 'GET',
+      url: '/v1beta/models',
+      headers: {
+        'x-goog-api-key': 'sk-managed-gemini',
+      },
+    });
+
+    expect(response.statusCode).toBe(200);
+    expect(fetchMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+    expect(recordFailureMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(11);
+    const [firstUrl] = fetchMock.mock.calls[0] as [string, RequestInit];
+    const [secondUrl] = fetchMock.mock.calls[1] as [string, RequestInit];
+    expect(firstUrl).toContain('key=gemini-key');
+    expect(secondUrl).toContain('key=gemini-key-2');
+  });
+
   it('forwards native generateContent requests through the gemini route group', async () => {
     fetchMock.mockResolvedValue(new Response(JSON.stringify({
       candidates: [
@@ -427,4 +474,229 @@ describe('gemini native proxy routes', () => {
     expect(response.body).toContain('"parts":[{"text":"first"},{"text":"second","thoughtSignature":"sig-1"}]');
     expect(response.body).not.toContain('\r\n\r\n');
   });
+
+  it('falls back to the next channel when first Gemini channel returns 400 before any bytes are written', async () => {
+    selectNextChannelMock.mockReturnValue({
+      channel: { id: 12, routeId: 22 },
+      site: { id: 45, name: 'gemini-site-2', url: 'https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com', platform: 'gemini' },
+      account: { id: 34, username: 'demo-user-2' },
+      tokenName: 'fallback',
+      tokenValue: 'gemini-key-2',
+      actualModel: 'gemini-2.5-flash',
+    });
+
+    fetchMock
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(new Response(JSON.stringify({
+        error: { message: 'bad request on first channel' },
+      }), {
+        status: 400,
+        headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' },
+      }))
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(new Response(JSON.stringify({
+        candidates: [
+          {
+            content: { role: 'model', parts: [{ text: 'ok from fallback' }] },
+            finishReason: 'STOP',
+          },
+        ],
+      }), {
+        status: 200,
+        headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' },
+      }));
+
+    const response = await app.inject({
+      method: 'POST',
+      url: '/v1beta/models/gemini-2.5-flash:generateContent',
+      headers: {
+        'x-goog-api-key': 'sk-managed-gemini',
+      },
+      payload: {
+        contents: [{ role: 'user', parts: [{ text: 'hello' }] }],
+      },
+    });
+
+    expect(response.statusCode).toBe(200);
+    expect(fetchMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+    expect(recordFailureMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(11);
+    const [firstUrl] = fetchMock.mock.calls[0] as [string, RequestInit];
+    const [secondUrl] = fetchMock.mock.calls[1] as [string, RequestInit];
+    expect(firstUrl).toContain('key=gemini-key');
+    expect(secondUrl).toContain('key=gemini-key-2');
+    expect(response.json().candidates?.[0]?.content?.parts?.[0]?.text).toContain('ok from fallback');
+  });
+
+  it('falls back to the next channel when first Gemini channel returns 403 before any bytes are written', async () => {
+    selectNextChannelMock.mockReturnValue({
+      channel: { id: 12, routeId: 22 },
+      site: { id: 45, name: 'gemini-site-2', url: 'https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com', platform: 'gemini' },
+      account: { id: 34, username: 'demo-user-2' },
+      tokenName: 'fallback',
+      tokenValue: 'gemini-key-2',
+      actualModel: 'gemini-2.5-flash',
+    });
+
+    fetchMock
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(new Response(JSON.stringify({
+        error: { message: 'forbidden on first channel' },
+      }), {
+        status: 403,
+        headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' },
+      }))
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(new Response(JSON.stringify({
+        candidates: [
+          {
+            content: { role: 'model', parts: [{ text: 'ok from fallback' }] },
+            finishReason: 'STOP',
+          },
+        ],
+      }), {
+        status: 200,
+        headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' },
+      }));
+
+    const response = await app.inject({
+      method: 'POST',
+      url: '/v1beta/models/gemini-2.5-flash:generateContent',
+      headers: {
+        'x-goog-api-key': 'sk-managed-gemini',
+      },
+      payload: {
+        contents: [{ role: 'user', parts: [{ text: 'hello' }] }],
+      },
+    });
+
+    expect(response.statusCode).toBe(200);
+    expect(fetchMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+    expect(recordFailureMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(11);
+  });
+
+  it('falls back to the next channel when first Gemini channel returns 500 before any bytes are written', async () => {
+    selectNextChannelMock.mockReturnValue({
+      channel: { id: 12, routeId: 22 },
+      site: { id: 45, name: 'gemini-site-2', url: 'https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com', platform: 'gemini' },
+      account: { id: 34, username: 'demo-user-2' },
+      tokenName: 'fallback',
+      tokenValue: 'gemini-key-2',
+      actualModel: 'gemini-2.5-flash',
+    });
+
+    fetchMock
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(new Response('upstream crash', {
+        status: 500,
+        headers: { 'content-type': 'text/plain' },
+      }))
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(new Response(JSON.stringify({
+        candidates: [
+          {
+            content: { role: 'model', parts: [{ text: 'ok from fallback' }] },
+            finishReason: 'STOP',
+          },
+        ],
+      }), {
+        status: 200,
+        headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' },
+      }));
+
+    const response = await app.inject({
+      method: 'POST',
+      url: '/v1beta/models/gemini-2.5-flash:generateContent',
+      headers: {
+        'x-goog-api-key': 'sk-managed-gemini',
+      },
+      payload: {
+        contents: [{ role: 'user', parts: [{ text: 'hello' }] }],
+      },
+    });
+
+    expect(response.statusCode).toBe(200);
+    expect(fetchMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+    expect(recordFailureMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(11);
+  });
+
+  it('falls back to the next channel when first Gemini channel throws before any bytes are written', async () => {
+    selectNextChannelMock.mockReturnValue({
+      channel: { id: 12, routeId: 22 },
+      site: { id: 45, name: 'gemini-site-2', url: 'https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com', platform: 'gemini' },
+      account: { id: 34, username: 'demo-user-2' },
+      tokenName: 'fallback',
+      tokenValue: 'gemini-key-2',
+      actualModel: 'gemini-2.5-flash',
+    });
+
+    fetchMock
+      .mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('socket hang up'))
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(new Response(JSON.stringify({
+        candidates: [
+          {
+            content: { role: 'model', parts: [{ text: 'ok from fallback' }] },
+            finishReason: 'STOP',
+          },
+        ],
+      }), {
+        status: 200,
+        headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' },
+      }));
+
+    const response = await app.inject({
+      method: 'POST',
+      url: '/v1beta/models/gemini-2.5-flash:generateContent',
+      headers: {
+        'x-goog-api-key': 'sk-managed-gemini',
+      },
+      payload: {
+        contents: [{ role: 'user', parts: [{ text: 'hello' }] }],
+      },
+    });
+
+    expect(response.statusCode).toBe(200);
+    expect(fetchMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+    expect(recordFailureMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(11);
+  });
+
+  it('falls back to the next channel for SSE requests before any bytes are written', async () => {
+    selectNextChannelMock.mockReturnValue({
+      channel: { id: 12, routeId: 22 },
+      site: { id: 45, name: 'gemini-site-2', url: 'https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com', platform: 'gemini' },
+      account: { id: 34, username: 'demo-user-2' },
+      tokenName: 'fallback',
+      tokenValue: 'gemini-key-2',
+      actualModel: 'gemini-2.5-flash',
+    });
+
+    const encoder = new TextEncoder();
+    const upstreamBody = new ReadableStream<Uint8Array>({
+      start(controller) {
+        controller.enqueue(encoder.encode('data: {"responseId":"resp-fallback","candidates":[{"content":{"role":"model","parts":[{"text":"hello from fallback sse"}]},"finishReason":"STOP"}]}\r\n\r\n'));
+        controller.close();
+      },
+    });
+
+    fetchMock
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(new Response(JSON.stringify({
+        error: { message: 'upstream unavailable' },
+      }), {
+        status: 500,
+        headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' },
+      }))
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(new Response(upstreamBody, {
+        status: 200,
+        headers: { 'content-type': 'text/event-stream; charset=utf-8' },
+      }));
+
+    const response = await app.inject({
+      method: 'POST',
+      url: '/v1beta/models/gemini-2.5-flash:streamGenerateContent?alt=sse',
+      headers: {
+        'x-goog-api-key': 'sk-managed-gemini',
+      },
+      payload: {
+        contents: [{ role: 'user', parts: [{ text: 'hello' }] }],
+      },
+    });
+
+    expect(response.statusCode).toBe(200);
+    expect(fetchMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+    expect(recordFailureMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(11);
+    expect(response.body).toContain('hello from fallback sse');
+  });
 });

src/server/routes/proxy/gemini.ts

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import {
   geminiGenerateContentTransformer,
 } from '../../transformers/gemini/generate-content/index.js';
 
+const MAX_RETRIES = 2;
 const GEMINI_MODEL_PROBES = [
   'gemini-2.5-flash',
   'gemini-2.0-flash',
@@ -23,6 +24,15 @@ async function selectGeminiChannel(request: FastifyRequest) {
   return null;
 }
 
+async function selectNextGeminiProbeChannel(request: FastifyRequest, excludeChannelIds: number[]) {
+  const policy = getDownstreamRoutingPolicy(request);
+  for (const candidate of GEMINI_MODEL_PROBES) {
+    const selected = await tokenRouter.selectNextChannel(candidate, excludeChannelIds, policy);
+    if (selected) return selected;
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
 function resolveGeminiApiVersion(request: FastifyRequest): string {
   const params = request.params as { geminiApiVersion?: string } | undefined;
   return (params?.geminiApiVersion || 'v1beta').trim() || 'v1beta';
@@ -49,24 +59,61 @@ function extractGeminiModelActionPath(request: FastifyRequest, apiVersion: strin
 
 export async function geminiProxyRoute(app: FastifyInstance) {
   const listModels = async (request: FastifyRequest, reply: FastifyReply) => {
-    const selected = await selectGeminiChannel(request);
+    const apiVersion = resolveGeminiApiVersion(request);
+    const excludeChannelIds: number[] = [];
+    let retryCount = 0;
+    let lastStatus = 503;
+    let lastText = 'No available channels for Gemini models';
+    let lastContentType = 'application/json';
+
+    while (retryCount <= MAX_RETRIES) {
+      const selected = retryCount === 0
+        ? await selectGeminiChannel(request)
+        : await selectNextGeminiProbeChannel(request, excludeChannelIds);
       if (!selected) {
-      return reply.code(503).send({
-        error: { message: 'No available channels for Gemini models', type: 'server_error' },
-      });
+        return reply.code(lastStatus).type(lastContentType).send(lastText);
       }
 
-    const apiVersion = resolveGeminiApiVersion(request);
+      excludeChannelIds.push(selected.channel.id);
+
+      try {
         const upstream = await fetch(
           geminiGenerateContentTransformer.resolveModelsUrl(selected.site.url, apiVersion, selected.tokenValue),
           { method: 'GET' },
         );
         const text = await upstream.text();
+        if (!upstream.ok) {
+          lastStatus = upstream.status;
+          lastText = text;
+          lastContentType = upstream.headers.get('content-type') || 'application/json';
+          await tokenRouter.recordFailure?.(selected.channel.id);
+          if (retryCount < MAX_RETRIES) {
+            retryCount += 1;
+            continue;
+          }
+        }
+
         try {
           return reply.code(upstream.status).send(JSON.parse(text));
         } catch {
           return reply.code(upstream.status).type(upstream.headers.get('content-type') || 'application/json').send(text);
         }
+      } catch (error) {
+        await tokenRouter.recordFailure?.(selected.channel.id);
+        lastStatus = 502;
+        lastContentType = 'application/json';
+        lastText = JSON.stringify({
+          error: {
+            message: error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Gemini upstream request failed',
+            type: 'upstream_error',
+          },
+        });
+        if (retryCount < MAX_RETRIES) {
+          retryCount += 1;
+          continue;
+        }
+      }
+    }
   };
 
   const generateContent = async (request: FastifyRequest, reply: FastifyReply) => {
@@ -80,13 +127,22 @@ export async function geminiProxyRoute(app: FastifyInstance) {
     }
 
     const policy = getDownstreamRoutingPolicy(request);
-    const selected = await tokenRouter.selectChannel(requestedModel, policy);
+    const excludeChannelIds: number[] = [];
+    let retryCount = 0;
+    let lastStatus = 503;
+    let lastText = 'No available channels for this model';
+    let lastContentType = 'application/json';
+
+    while (retryCount <= MAX_RETRIES) {
+      const selected = retryCount === 0
+        ? await tokenRouter.selectChannel(requestedModel, policy)
+        : await tokenRouter.selectNextChannel(requestedModel, excludeChannelIds, policy);
       if (!selected) {
-      return reply.code(503).send({
-        error: { message: 'No available channels for this model', type: 'server_error' },
-      });
+        return reply.code(lastStatus).type(lastContentType).send(lastText);
       }
 
+      excludeChannelIds.push(selected.channel.id);
+
       const body = geminiGenerateContentTransformer.inbound.normalizeRequest(
         request.body || {},
         selected.actualModel || requestedModel,
@@ -97,6 +153,7 @@ export async function geminiProxyRoute(app: FastifyInstance) {
         `models/${selected.actualModel || requestedModel}`,
       );
       const query = new URLSearchParams(request.query as Record<string, string>).toString();
+      try {
         const upstream = await fetch(
           geminiGenerateContentTransformer.resolveActionUrl(
             selected.site.url,
@@ -113,8 +170,24 @@ export async function geminiProxyRoute(app: FastifyInstance) {
             body: JSON.stringify(body),
           },
         );
+        const contentType = upstream.headers.get('content-type') || 'application/json';
+        if (!upstream.ok) {
+          lastStatus = upstream.status;
+          lastContentType = contentType;
+          lastText = await upstream.text();
+          await tokenRouter.recordFailure?.(selected.channel.id);
+          if (retryCount < MAX_RETRIES) {
+            retryCount += 1;
+            continue;
+          }
+
+          try {
+            return reply.code(lastStatus).send(JSON.parse(lastText));
+          } catch {
+            return reply.code(lastStatus).type(lastContentType).send(lastText);
+          }
+        }
 
-    const contentType = upstream.headers.get('content-type');
         if (geminiGenerateContentTransformer.stream.isSseContentType(contentType)) {
           reply.hijack();
           reply.raw.statusCode = upstream.status;
@@ -166,10 +239,6 @@ export async function geminiProxyRoute(app: FastifyInstance) {
         const text = await upstream.text();
         try {
           const parsed = JSON.parse(text);
-      if (!upstream.ok) {
-        return reply.code(upstream.status).send(parsed);
-      }
-
           const aggregateState = geminiGenerateContentTransformer.aggregator.createState();
           if (Array.isArray(parsed)) {
             for (const chunk of geminiGenerateContentTransformer.stream.parseJsonArrayPayload(parsed)) {
@@ -187,6 +256,23 @@ export async function geminiProxyRoute(app: FastifyInstance) {
         } catch {
           return reply.code(upstream.status).type(contentType || 'application/json').send(text);
         }
+      } catch (error) {
+        lastStatus = 502;
+        lastContentType = 'application/json';
+        lastText = JSON.stringify({
+          error: {
+            message: error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Gemini upstream request failed',
+            type: 'upstream_error',
+          },
+        });
+        await tokenRouter.recordFailure?.(selected.channel.id);
+        if (retryCount < MAX_RETRIES) {
+          retryCount += 1;
+          continue;
+        }
+        return reply.code(lastStatus).type(lastContentType).send(lastText);
+      }
+    }
   };
 
   app.get('/v1beta/models', listModels);

src/server/routes/proxy/upstreamEndpoint.ts

@@ -568,6 +568,49 @@ export function isUnsupportedMediaTypeError(status: number, upstreamErrorText?:
   );
 }
 
+export function isEndpointDispatchDeniedError(status: number, upstreamErrorText?: string | null): boolean {
+  if (status !== 403) return false;
+  const text = (upstreamErrorText || '').toLowerCase();
+  if (!text) return false;
+
+  return (
+    /does\s+not\s+allow\s+\/v1\/[a-z0-9/_:-]+\s+dispatch/i.test(upstreamErrorText || '')
+    || text.includes('dispatch denied')
+  );
+}
+
+export function shouldPreferResponsesAfterLegacyChatError(input: {
+  status: number;
+  upstreamErrorText?: string | null;
+  downstreamFormat: EndpointPreference;
+  sitePlatform?: string | null;
+  modelName?: string | null;
+  requestedModelHint?: string | null;
+  currentEndpoint?: UpstreamEndpoint | null;
+}): boolean {
+  if (input.status < 400) return false;
+  if (input.downstreamFormat !== 'openai') return false;
+  if (input.currentEndpoint !== 'chat') return false;
+
+  const sitePlatform = normalizePlatformName(input.sitePlatform);
+  if (sitePlatform === 'openai' || sitePlatform === 'claude' || sitePlatform === 'gemini' || sitePlatform === 'anyrouter') {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const modelName = asTrimmedString(input.modelName);
+  const requestedModelHint = asTrimmedString(input.requestedModelHint);
+  if (isClaudeFamilyModel(modelName) || isClaudeFamilyModel(requestedModelHint)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const text = (input.upstreamErrorText || '').toLowerCase();
+  return (
+    text.includes('unsupported legacy protocol')
+    && text.includes('/v1/chat/completions')
+    && text.includes('/v1/responses')
+  );
+}
+
 export function isEndpointDowngradeError(status: number, upstreamErrorText?: string | null): boolean {
   if (status < 400) return false;
   const text = (upstreamErrorText || '').toLowerCase();
@@ -592,6 +635,8 @@ export function isEndpointDowngradeError(status: number, upstreamErrorText?: str
   }
 
   return (
+    isEndpointDispatchDeniedError(status, upstreamErrorText)
+    || 
     text.includes('convert_request_failed')
     || text.includes('not found')
     || text.includes('unknown endpoint')