security: throttle sensitive admin routes (#111)

src/server/middleware/requestRateLimit.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+import type { FastifyReply, FastifyRequest } from 'fastify';
+
+type RateLimitOptions = {
+  bucket: string;
+  max: number;
+  windowMs: number;
+  message?: string;
+};
+
+type RateLimitEntry = {
+  count: number;
+  resetAt: number;
+};
+
+const DEFAULT_MESSAGE = '请求过于频繁，请稍后再试';
+const rateLimitStore = new Map<string, RateLimitEntry>();
+
+function normalizeIp(rawIp: string | null | undefined): string {
+  const ip = (rawIp || '').trim();
+  if (!ip) return 'unknown';
+  if (ip.startsWith('::ffff:')) return ip.slice('::ffff:'.length).trim() || 'unknown';
+  if (ip === '::1') return '127.0.0.1';
+  return ip;
+}
+
+function extractClientIp(request: FastifyRequest): string {
+  const forwarded = request.headers['x-forwarded-for'];
+  if (Array.isArray(forwarded)) {
+    const first = forwarded.find((value) => typeof value === 'string' && value.trim().length > 0);
+    if (first) return normalizeIp(first.split(',')[0]);
+  }
+
+  if (typeof forwarded === 'string' && forwarded.trim().length > 0) {
+    return normalizeIp(forwarded.split(',')[0]);
+  }
+
+  return normalizeIp(request.ip);
+}
+
+function getRateLimitKey(bucket: string, request: FastifyRequest): string {
+  return `${bucket}:${extractClientIp(request)}`;
+}
+
+function pruneExpiredEntries(nowMs: number): void {
+  for (const [key, entry] of rateLimitStore.entries()) {
+    if (entry.resetAt > nowMs) continue;
+    rateLimitStore.delete(key);
+  }
+}
+
+export function resetRequestRateLimitStore(): void {
+  rateLimitStore.clear();
+}
+
+export function createRateLimitGuard(options: RateLimitOptions) {
+  const message = options.message || DEFAULT_MESSAGE;
+
+  return async function rateLimitGuard(request: FastifyRequest, reply: FastifyReply) {
+    const nowMs = Date.now();
+    pruneExpiredEntries(nowMs);
+
+    const key = getRateLimitKey(options.bucket, request);
+    const current = rateLimitStore.get(key);
+
+    if (!current || current.resetAt <= nowMs) {
+      rateLimitStore.set(key, {
+        count: 1,
+        resetAt: nowMs + options.windowMs,
+      });
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (current.count >= options.max) {
+      const retryAfterSec = Math.max(1, Math.ceil((current.resetAt - nowMs) / 1000));
+      reply
+        .code(429)
+        .header('retry-after', String(retryAfterSec))
+        .send({ success: false, message });
+      return;
+    }
+
+    current.count += 1;
+    rateLimitStore.set(key, current);
+  };
+}

src/server/routes/api/accounts.login-shield.test.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { afterAll, beforeAll, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vites
 import { mkdtempSync } from 'node:fs';
 import { tmpdir } from 'node:os';
 import { join } from 'node:path';
+import { resetRequestRateLimitStore } from '../../middleware/requestRateLimit.js';
 
 const loginMock = vi.fn();
 
@@ -36,6 +37,7 @@ describe('accounts login shield detection', () => {
 
   beforeEach(async () => {
     loginMock.mockReset();
+    resetRequestRateLimitStore();
 
     await db.delete(schema.proxyLogs).run();
     await db.delete(schema.checkinLogs).run();
@@ -82,4 +84,48 @@ describe('accounts login shield detection', () => {
     expect((body.message || '').toLowerCase()).toContain('shield');
     expect(body.message || '').not.toContain('Unexpected token');
   });
+
+  it('rate limits repeated login attempts from the same client ip', async () => {
+    loginMock.mockResolvedValue({
+      success: false,
+      message: 'invalid credentials',
+    });
+
+    const site = await db.insert(schema.sites).values({
+      name: 'AnyRouter',
+      url: 'https://anyrouter.example.com',
+      platform: 'new-api',
+    }).returning().get();
+
+    for (let attempt = 0; attempt < 5; attempt += 1) {
+      const response = await app.inject({
+        method: 'POST',
+        url: '/api/accounts/login',
+        remoteAddress: '198.51.100.10',
+        payload: {
+          siteId: site.id,
+          username: 'demo-user',
+          password: 'demo-password',
+        },
+      });
+      expect(response.statusCode).toBe(200);
+    }
+
+    const limited = await app.inject({
+      method: 'POST',
+      url: '/api/accounts/login',
+      remoteAddress: '198.51.100.10',
+      payload: {
+        siteId: site.id,
+        username: 'demo-user',
+        password: 'demo-password',
+      },
+    });
+
+    expect(limited.statusCode).toBe(429);
+    expect(limited.json()).toMatchObject({
+      success: false,
+      message: '请求过于频繁，请稍后再试',
+    });
+  });
 });

src/server/routes/api/accounts.ts

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import {
 } from '../../services/accountHealthService.js';
 import { appendSessionTokenRebindHint } from '../../services/alertRules.js';
 import { withSiteRecordProxyRequestInit } from '../../services/siteProxy.js';
+import { createRateLimitGuard } from '../../middleware/requestRateLimit.js';
 
 type AccountWithSiteRow = {
   accounts: typeof schema.accounts.$inferSelect;
@@ -49,6 +50,18 @@ type AccountCapabilities = {
 
 type VerifyFailureReason = 'needs-user-id' | 'invalid-user-id' | 'shield-blocked' | null;
 
+const limitAccountLogin = createRateLimitGuard({
+  bucket: 'accounts-login',
+  max: 5,
+  windowMs: 60_000,
+});
+
+const limitAccountVerifyToken = createRateLimitGuard({
+  bucket: 'accounts-verify-token',
+  max: 5,
+  windowMs: 60_000,
+});
+
 function hasSessionTokenValue(value: string | null | undefined): boolean {
   return typeof value === 'string' && value.trim().length > 0;
 }
@@ -421,7 +434,10 @@ export async function accountsRoutes(app: FastifyInstance) {
   });
 
   // Login to a site and auto-create account
-  app.post<{ Body: { siteId: number; username: string; password: string } }>('/api/accounts/login', async (request) => {
+  app.post<{ Body: { siteId: number; username: string; password: string } }>(
+    '/api/accounts/login',
+    { preHandler: [limitAccountLogin] },
+    async (request) => {
     const { siteId, username, password } = request.body;
 
     // Get site info
@@ -529,10 +545,14 @@ export async function accountsRoutes(app: FastifyInstance) {
       tokenCount: apiTokens.length,
       reusedAccount: !!existing,
     };
-  });
+    },
+  );
 
   // Verify credentials against a site.
-  app.post<{ Body: { siteId: number; accessToken: string; platformUserId?: number; credentialMode?: AccountCredentialMode } }>('/api/accounts/verify-token', async (request) => {
+  app.post<{ Body: { siteId: number; accessToken: string; platformUserId?: number; credentialMode?: AccountCredentialMode } }>(
+    '/api/accounts/verify-token',
+    { preHandler: [limitAccountVerifyToken] },
+    async (request) => {
     const { siteId, platformUserId } = request.body;
     const accessToken = (request.body.accessToken || '').trim();
     const credentialMode = resolveRequestedCredentialMode(request.body.credentialMode);
@@ -831,7 +851,8 @@ export async function accountsRoutes(app: FastifyInstance) {
         ? 'Session Token 验证失败'
         : 'Token invalid: cannot use it as session cookie or API key',
     };
-  });
+    },
+  );
 
   app.post<{ Params: { id: string }; Body: { accessToken: string; platformUserId?: number; refreshToken?: string; tokenExpiresAt?: number | string } }>(
     '/api/accounts/:id/rebind-session',

src/server/routes/api/accounts.verifyTokenShield.test.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { afterAll, beforeAll, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vites
 import { mkdtempSync } from 'node:fs';
 import { tmpdir } from 'node:os';
 import { join } from 'node:path';
+import { resetRequestRateLimitStore } from '../../middleware/requestRateLimit.js';
 
 const verifyTokenMock = vi.fn();
 const undiciFetchMock = vi.fn();
@@ -45,6 +46,7 @@ describe('accounts verify-token shield detection', () => {
     verifyTokenMock.mockReset();
     undiciFetchMock.mockReset();
     adapterPlatformName = 'new-api';
+    resetRequestRateLimitStore();
 
     await db.delete(schema.proxyLogs).run();
     await db.delete(schema.checkinLogs).run();
@@ -87,6 +89,45 @@ describe('accounts verify-token shield detection', () => {
     });
   });
 
+  it('rate limits repeated verify-token attempts from the same client ip', async () => {
+    verifyTokenMock.mockRejectedValue(new Error('invalid access token'));
+
+    const site = await db.insert(schema.sites).values({
+      name: 'AnyRouter',
+      url: 'https://anyrouter.example.com',
+      platform: 'new-api',
+    }).returning().get();
+
+    for (let attempt = 0; attempt < 5; attempt += 1) {
+      const response = await app.inject({
+        method: 'POST',
+        url: '/api/accounts/verify-token',
+        remoteAddress: '198.51.100.11',
+        payload: {
+          siteId: site.id,
+          accessToken: 'session-or-cookie-token',
+        },
+      });
+      expect(response.statusCode).toBe(200);
+    }
+
+    const limited = await app.inject({
+      method: 'POST',
+      url: '/api/accounts/verify-token',
+      remoteAddress: '198.51.100.11',
+      payload: {
+        siteId: site.id,
+        accessToken: 'session-or-cookie-token',
+      },
+    });
+
+    expect(limited.statusCode).toBe(429);
+    expect(limited.json()).toMatchObject({
+      success: false,
+      message: '请求过于频繁，请稍后再试',
+    });
+  });
+
   it('avoids raw shieldBlocked misclassification for new-api when verifyToken returned tokenType unknown', async () => {
     verifyTokenMock.mockResolvedValueOnce({ tokenType: 'unknown' });
     undiciFetchMock.mockResolvedValue({

src/server/routes/api/auth.ts

@@ -3,10 +3,20 @@ import { db, schema } from '../../db/index.js';
 import { config } from '../../config.js';
 import { eq } from 'drizzle-orm';
 import { formatUtcSqlDateTime } from '../../services/localTimeService.js';
+import { createRateLimitGuard } from '../../middleware/requestRateLimit.js';
+
+const limitAdminTokenChange = createRateLimitGuard({
+  bucket: 'auth-change',
+  max: 3,
+  windowMs: 60_000,
+});
 
 export async function authRoutes(app: FastifyInstance) {
   // Change admin auth token (requires old token verification)
-  app.post<{ Body: { oldToken: string; newToken: string } }>('/api/settings/auth/change', async (request, reply) => {
+  app.post<{ Body: { oldToken: string; newToken: string } }>(
+    '/api/settings/auth/change',
+    { preHandler: [limitAdminTokenChange] },
+    async (request, reply) => {
     const { oldToken, newToken } = request.body;
 
     if (!oldToken || !newToken) {
@@ -45,7 +55,8 @@ export async function authRoutes(app: FastifyInstance) {
     } catch {}
 
     return { success: true, message: 'Token 已更新' };
-  });
+    },
+  );
 
   // Get masked current token (for display)
   app.get('/api/settings/auth/info', async () => {

src/server/routes/api/monitor.ts

@@ -3,11 +3,36 @@ import { db, schema } from '../../db/index.js';
 import { upsertSetting } from '../../db/upsertSetting.js';
 import { config } from '../../config.js';
 import { eq } from 'drizzle-orm';
+import { createRateLimitGuard } from '../../middleware/requestRateLimit.js';
 
 const MONITOR_AUTH_COOKIE = 'meta_monitor_auth';
 const LDOH_BASE_URL = 'https://ldoh.105117.xyz';
 const LDOH_COOKIE_SETTING_KEY = 'monitor_ldoh_cookie';
 
+const limitMonitorConfigRead = createRateLimitGuard({
+  bucket: 'monitor-config-read',
+  max: 30,
+  windowMs: 60_000,
+});
+
+const limitMonitorConfigWrite = createRateLimitGuard({
+  bucket: 'monitor-config-write',
+  max: 10,
+  windowMs: 60_000,
+});
+
+const limitMonitorSession = createRateLimitGuard({
+  bucket: 'monitor-session',
+  max: 10,
+  windowMs: 60_000,
+});
+
+const limitMonitorProxy = createRateLimitGuard({
+  bucket: 'monitor-proxy',
+  max: 60,
+  windowMs: 60_000,
+});
+
 
 
 async function getSettingString(key: string): Promise<string> {
@@ -103,7 +128,7 @@ function resolveLdohProxyPath(request: FastifyRequest): string {
 }
 
 export async function monitorRoutes(app: FastifyInstance) {
-  app.get('/api/monitor/config', async () => {
+  app.get('/api/monitor/config', { preHandler: [limitMonitorConfigRead] }, async () => {
     const ldohCookie = await getSettingString(LDOH_COOKIE_SETTING_KEY);
     return {
       ldohCookieConfigured: !!ldohCookie,
@@ -111,7 +136,10 @@ export async function monitorRoutes(app: FastifyInstance) {
     };
   });
 
-  app.put<{ Body: { ldohCookie?: string | null } }>('/api/monitor/config', async (request, reply) => {
+  app.put<{ Body: { ldohCookie?: string | null } }>(
+    '/api/monitor/config',
+    { preHandler: [limitMonitorConfigWrite] },
+    async (request, reply) => {
     const raw = String(request.body?.ldohCookie || '').trim();
     if (!raw) {
       await upsertSetting(LDOH_COOKIE_SETTING_KEY, '');
@@ -130,9 +158,10 @@ export async function monitorRoutes(app: FastifyInstance) {
       ldohCookieConfigured: true,
       ldohCookieMasked: maskCookieValue(normalized),
     };
-  });
+    },
+  );
 
-  app.post('/api/monitor/session', async (_, reply) => {
+  app.post('/api/monitor/session', { preHandler: [limitMonitorSession] }, async (_, reply) => {
     // HttpOnly cookie for iframe proxy auth within current origin.
     reply.header(
       'Set-Cookie',
@@ -202,7 +231,7 @@ export async function monitorRoutes(app: FastifyInstance) {
     return reply.send(buffer);
   };
 
-  app.all('/monitor-proxy/ldoh', handleLdohProxy);
+  app.all('/monitor-proxy/ldoh', { preHandler: [limitMonitorProxy] }, handleLdohProxy);
-  app.all('/monitor-proxy/ldoh/', handleLdohProxy);
+  app.all('/monitor-proxy/ldoh/', { preHandler: [limitMonitorProxy] }, handleLdohProxy);
-  app.all('/monitor-proxy/ldoh/*', handleLdohProxy);
+  app.all('/monitor-proxy/ldoh/*', { preHandler: [limitMonitorProxy] }, handleLdohProxy);
 }

src/server/routes/api/settings.events.test.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { mkdtempSync } from 'node:fs';
 import { join } from 'node:path';
 import { tmpdir } from 'node:os';
 import { eq } from 'drizzle-orm';
+import { resetRequestRateLimitStore } from '../../middleware/requestRateLimit.js';
 
 type DbModule = typeof import('../../db/index.js');
 type ConfigModule = typeof import('../../config.js');
@@ -35,6 +36,7 @@ describe('settings and auth events', () => {
   });
 
   beforeEach(async () => {
+    resetRequestRateLimitStore();
     await db.delete(schema.events).run();
     await db.delete(schema.settings).run();
 
@@ -433,4 +435,36 @@ describe('settings and auth events', () => {
       relatedType: 'settings',
     });
   });
+
+  it('rate limits repeated admin auth token changes from the same client ip', async () => {
+    for (let attempt = 0; attempt < 3; attempt += 1) {
+      const response = await app.inject({
+        method: 'POST',
+        url: '/api/settings/auth/change',
+        remoteAddress: '198.51.100.12',
+        payload: {
+          oldToken: config.authToken,
+          newToken: `new-admin-token-${attempt}-456`,
+        },
+      });
+
+      expect(response.statusCode).toBe(200);
+    }
+
+    const limited = await app.inject({
+      method: 'POST',
+      url: '/api/settings/auth/change',
+      remoteAddress: '198.51.100.12',
+      payload: {
+        oldToken: config.authToken,
+        newToken: 'new-admin-token-rate-limit',
+      },
+    });
+
+    expect(limited.statusCode).toBe(429);
+    expect(limited.json()).toMatchObject({
+      success: false,
+      message: '请求过于频繁，请稍后再试',
+    });
+  });
 });